溪岸蠼螋对棉铃虫的捕食能力

为明确棉田溪岸蠼螋 Labidura riparia 对棉铃虫的控害潜能, 在实验室条件下观察和测定了溪岸蠼螋不同龄期的若虫、雌雄成虫对棉铃虫幼虫、蛹和成虫的捕食能力以及其5龄若虫和雌雄成虫的捕食选择性。结果表明:不同发育阶段的溪岸蠼螋都不捕食棉铃虫完整的蛹体, 但对棉铃虫幼虫和成虫都具有较强的捕食能力。其中, 雌性溪岸蠼螋成虫的捕食能力最强, 对棉铃虫1龄幼虫日捕食量最大, 为(31.3±1.1)头。1龄溪岸蠼螋若虫也具有一定的捕食能力, 对棉铃虫1龄幼虫日捕食量为(1.7±0.7)头。不同龄期的溪岸蠼螋对相同龄期棉铃虫幼虫的捕食能力随龄期增加而增大。对1~3龄棉铃虫幼虫,溪岸蠼螋雌成虫捕食能力最强,其次是溪岸蠼螋雄成虫,再次是溪岸蠼螋5龄若虫。但是,对棉铃虫4~6龄幼虫和雌雄成虫,溪岸蠼螋雌雄成虫和5龄若虫的捕食量差异不显著。捕食选择试验表明:溪岸蠼螋5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对棉铃虫1～4龄幼虫均表现正喜好性, 对5～6龄棉铃虫幼虫和雌雄成虫表现负喜好性。     

外源ACC通过激活乙烯合成及信号转导诱导小豆抗锈性

大量研究表明, 乙烯可激发植物对死体营养型真菌的抗性, 但我们前期研究发现, 乙烯合成前体ACC可提高小豆对活体营养型真菌——锈菌的抗性, 为初步明确其机制, 本研究分析了ACC处理对小豆乙烯合成及信号转导的影响, 结果表明, ACC处理显著提高了乙烯合成基因VaACS1及信号通路关键基因VaEIN2?VaEIN3?VaERF5的表达水平?此外, ACC处理后再接种锈菌, 小豆锈病的发病程度显著降低?对接种锈菌后不同时间VaPR2和VaPR4的表达分析表明, 相比ACC处理后不接种对照, ACC处理后再接种锈菌的处理, 接种后1~5 d这两个基因表达量显著升高; 与水处理不接种锈菌相比, 水处理接种锈菌5~8 d后VaPR2和VaPR4的表达量虽显著上调, 但应答时间较ACC处理滞后, 且总体表达水平低, 表明ACC激活乙烯通路进而诱导防卫反应基因上调表达是其诱导小豆抗锈性的关键?     

水氮调控对苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地生长和辐射利用的影响

针对我国内陆干旱区人工草地生产管理粗放及气候资源利用不充分等问题,探究合理的牧草种植与水氮供应模式,以充分挖掘区域牧草的生产潜力。采用3 a生(2018年播种)紫花苜蓿(简称‘苜蓿’)和无芒雀麦,分析种植模式(苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播,D1;无芒雀麦单播,D2)、施氮量(低氮量N1:60 kg·hm^-2;高氮量N2:120 kg·hm^-2)和灌水量(以灌水下限占田间持水量θ_f的百分比计,分枝期均充分灌水(75%～85%θ_f),现蕾和初花期轻度亏水W1:65%～75%θ_f、中度亏水W2:55%～65%θ_f、重度亏水W3:45%～55%θ_f,灌水上限均为85%θ_f)对牧草叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、累积截获光合有效辐射量(CIPAR)、辐射利用效率(RUE)、产量(Y)、耗水量(ET_a)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)的影响。结果表明：(1)牧草LAI和...     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

Frequency Refining Analysis and Its Applications in the VIs

Frequency refining is an important spectrum analyzing tool, and is one of the main function of signal processing and the virtual instrument. This paper introduces several typical frequency refining analysis methods including DFT and multiple modulation and so on. It also probes into their advantages and disadvantages, and proposes a new frequency refining method combining subband decomposing DFT and multiple modulation, which inherits the advantages of multiple modulation, needs not to design a specific filter, reduces the amount of calculation, and is fit for real-time refining analysis. At last, it exhibits several frequency refining algorithm and their effects with applications in virtual instruments.     

An Analysis of Principal-Agent of Game under the Asymmetric Information in Venture Capital

The relationship of investors and venture capitalists is an important part in venture capital. Based on asymmetric information, this paper analyzes the principal agent relationship between investors and venture capitalists with game theory. And this paper mainly discusses the choosing, controlling and incentive problem. It suggests that only the capable and self confident venture capitalists could accept the terms of the limited partnership. It also indicates that recompense mechanism which holds the interest of investors and that of venture capitalists tightly is the center of the limited partnership. Rate of yield is the key of recompense mechanism, it not only reflects the incentive on venture capitalists, also reflects the share of risk between investors and venture capitalists. At last, the market credit play an important role in venture capital.     

Stability Contrast of Landslide Disaster After Repeating Control

Xiang-jiapo landslide,which consists of shallow layer,middle layer and deep layer,is a multi-landslide with several layers.Influenced by geological condition and rainfall,it have not obtained good effect even after three-time control.Because the distortion of landslide increase so fast, the government planed to control the landslide for the forth time.Based on monitoring data of the landslide movement,the paper make a constrast analysis of 3D numerical simulation's calculating between the formal control and the forth time control by a non-linear finite elements programm ABAQUS.Both results of numerical simulation and monitoring indicate that the forth time control have achieved good effect.     

发动机用平板型空滤器流动阻力特性分析和改进

为减小平板型空滤器流动阻力以增大进气量,对平板型空滤器流动阻力特性开展了实验研究,获得了空滤器流动阻力随流量变化的规律和阻力构成成分。阻力随流量的增大而加速增大,滤芯阻力约占整个空滤器阻力的一半,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为915.3 Pa,滤芯阻力为426.4 Pa。在实验获得滤芯阻力参数的基础上,提出采用多孔介质跃升模型对平板型空滤器内部流场开展三维数值仿真分析,结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果比较吻合,最大误差为5.67%。滤芯阻力同样约占整个阻力的一半,另一半阻力主要为出口处阻力,其余壁面阻力约占15%。最后,在实验和仿真分析的基础上,提出了改进模型并进行了仿真分析。结果表明,改进模型阻力有较大程度的下降,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为588.2 Pa,较原始模型下降了32.2%;增大空滤器流通横截面积是减小阻力以增大进气量的有效手段,改进空滤器壁面的平滑性是补充措施。     

Composition of Application Based on Business Rule

In order to support flexibility and reusability of application composition based on Internet,with business rule and Aspect-Oriented Programming(AOP) which divides a business process into a control business process and a core business process,the authorsgive composition mechanism.A technique of implementation is analyzed.At last,the primary application of the above work in Chongqing of China is introduced,as well as some effects acquired.     

电控喷油器流量特性试验台的设计与试验

论述了开发电控喷油器微机测试系统的意义;为检测电喷发动机喷油性能,介绍了所以8098为核心的喷油器流量试验台;阐述了喷油器流量试验台设计思想、硬件结构和软件设计方法.以高阻型喷油器为例,在整个流量范围内对其进行测试,并对测试数据加以分析总结,得出了该喷油器流量特性的一些重要参数.目前,电控喷油器微机测试系统已投入使用,取得了良好的实际效果.